Pigmentation is a natural process in the skin. However, due to internal and external factors, unwanted hyperpigmentation can occur — an excessive buildup of pigment in certain areas. Among the most common causes are photoaging and UV exposure. Sunlight is essential to life — it gives us energy, stimulates the production of vitamin D and serotonin, the hormone of happiness.
On the other hand, UV radiation is one of the main causes of premature skin aging. Pigment spots, uneven tone, and skin laxity are typical symptoms of photoaging. UV rays penetrate deep into the skin layers, damaging collagen and elastin fibers, while also stimulating melanin production, which can lead to dark spots. These changes often don’t appear immediately — the skin “remembers” the damage, and signs of photoaging become visible years later. Hormonal fluctuations in the body also play a significant role.
Whether caused by pregnancy, menopause, or hormonal contraception, it’s important to address pigmentation holistically — sunscreen alone is not enough. Hyperpigmentation can also appear after acne, eczema, burns, scratches, or invasive cosmetic treatments, as well as from using perfumes directly on the skin while in the sun. In these cases, the skin responds with increased melanin production in areas of inflammation or healing.
The foundation of photoaging prevention is using sunscreen with mineral filters and skincare rich in antioxidants (vitamins C and E, green tea polyphenols, astaxanthin, etc.), as well as enzymes that slow photoaging by neutralizing free radicals generated by UV exposure.
Among plant extracts, licorice root, celandine, watercress, centella asiatica, and ginger have proven particularly effective. Anti-pollution ingredients such as humic substances also help by reducing inflammation and supporting an even, radiant skin tone.
It’s equally important to prepare the skin for sun exposure from within. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, sufficient hydration, and quality sleep support the skin’s natural defenses. Especially beneficial are carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, astaxanthin), green tea polyphenols, berry flavonoids, humic acids, vitamin C, and omega-3 fatty acids. These nutrients help neutralize UV-induced free radicals, soothe the skin, and promote regeneration.
